Kom qhuav: Cov dej ntau dhau yog muab tshem tawm los ntawm kev tshem tawm kom qhuav ({}}} degree) kom ua tiav lub zog uas xav tau thiab elasticity ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj. Kev kuaj thiab ntim khoom: Cov khoom tiav tau raug kuaj xyuas thiab ntim tom qab nws tsim nyog.
3. Cov qauv kev hloov kho ntawm cov muag muag ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv me me ({{{1} {{1} 1-5 mpa min}}} mpa min {2}} mpa minter) (} mp) Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov tshuaj ntsiav yog mos thiab yooj yim rau nqos.